Magic the Gathering is the grand-daddy of all card games; pretty much every game mechanic you've seen in Yugioh is present in Magic. For a quick and easy way to start playing, I recommend picking up a 2-player starter set, or even a box set from an nth Edition (10th, 9th, etc.) set. They go for $35 or so and come with a rules set and how-to-play guide, as well as pre-made deck(s) and booster packs to build your own deck. Check your local comic book/game shop and see if they hold Magic matches.
Comparing the two games is easy since they're both card based games. You don't have trap cards in Magic but you do have instant spell cards that function the same way. Magic even has an ability to play certain cards face down (morph cards), which Yugioh also has. Check out the Magic the Gathering website, too. Magic is easily the best trading card game, and it's been around for over a decade.
You won't have a hard time getting in to Magic. Doooo it!