The only time you should turn the filter off is to clean the tank. Turning it off for too long will kill of the beneficial bacteria living in it and play havoc with your water chemistry. The filter will not remove the treatment, only the bad dirt.
Your goldfish should grow to at least six inches, if they are fancies, more if they are comets, which should get to at least 12. Four inches means stunted growth and early deaths.
You could happily house four fancy goldfish or one comet in your tank. It's great that you have such a large one for them.
I would personally go with fancy goldfish, which look amazing in groups. Fancies include ruykins, ranchus, shubunkins, bubble-eyes, telescope eyes, black moores, orandas and calicos. With four of them your tank would look lovely.
A single comet is a beautiful fish, but with less fancy finnage and usually more ordinary colouring. They do have very beautiful fins, but are not as ornate as the fancies and I personally think they look a bit bored by themselves.
Have fun stocking.